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[Politicians and Textbooks]
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Both Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan and President Park Geun-hye of South Korea are pushing to have high school history textbooks in their countries rewritten to reflect their political views.


ÀϺ»ÀÇ ¾Æº£½ÅÁ¶(äÌÛÃòÌß²)¿Í ³²ÇÑÀÇ ¹Ú±ÙÇý´Â ÀÚ±¹ÀÇ °íµîÇб³ ¿ª»ç ±³°ú¼­ À硤°³Á¤ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡À» Åõ¿µ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù.


Mr. Abe has instructed the Education Ministry to approve only textbooks that promote patriotism. He is primarily concerned about the World War II era, and wants to shift the focus away from disgraceful chapters in that history. For example, he wants the Korean ¡°comfort women¡± issue taken out of textbooks, and he wants to downplay the mass killings committed by Japanese troops in Nanking. His critics say he is trying to foster dangerous nationalism by sanitizing Japan¡¯s wartime aggression.


¾Æº£ ÃѸ®´Â ¹®ºÎ°úÇмº¿¡ ±³°ú¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ö±¹½ÉÀ» °í¾ç½Ãų °ÍÀ» Áö½ÃÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ƯÈ÷ ¼¼°è 2Â÷ ´ëÀüÀ» ±â¼úÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í Àִµ¥, ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¼öÄ¡½º·¯¿î ¿ª»ç°¡ ±³°ú¼­¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ±×´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ "À§¾ÈºÎ" ¿©¼ºµé°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ »ç¾Èµé°ú ³²°æ¿¡¼­ ÀϺ» ±º´ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ú¾îÁø ´ëÇлìÀ» ±³°ú¼­¿¡¼­ Á¦¿Ü½ÃÅ°°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù. ºñÆò°¡µéÀº ¾Æº£°¡ ÀϺ»ÀÌ ÀüÀï ´ç½Ã¿¡ ÇàÇß´ø ħ·«°ú °°Àº (±×°¡ º¸±â¿¡) ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á À§ÇèÇÑ ±¹°¡ÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¶¼ºÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.


Ms. Park is concerned about the portrayal of Japanese colonialism and the postcolonial South Korean dictatorships in history books. She wants to downplay Korean collaboration with the Japanese colonial authorities and last summer pushed the South Korean Education Ministry to approve a new textbook that says those who worked with the Japanese did so under coercion. (A majority of professionals and elite civil servants today come from families that worked with the Japanese colonizers.) Academics, trade unions and teachers have accused Ms. Park of distorting history.


¹Ú±ÙÇý´Â ±³°ú¼­¿¡¼­ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ½Ä¹ÎÁÖÀÇ¿Í ½Ä¹ÎÁö¹è ÀÌÈÄ ³²ÇÑ¿¡¼­ÀÇ µ¶À縦 ¾î¶»°Ô ±â¼úÇÒÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÇ Ä£ÀÏ Çù·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ Ãà¼Ò ±â¼úµÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Ä£ÀÏ Çù·ÂÇàÀ§°¡ ÀϺ»ÀÇ °­¾Ð¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±³°ú¼­¸¦ Áö³­ ¿©¸§ ±³À°ºÎ°¡ ½ÂÀÎÇϵµ·Ï ¹Ð¾îºÙ¿´´Ù. (¿À´Ã³¯ ³²ÇÑÀÇ Àü¹®Á÷µé°ú °íÀ§°ø¹«¿ø Áß ´Ù¼ö´Â ÀϺ» ½Ä¹ÎÁÖÀÇÀÚµé°ú Çù·ÂÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕÀÌ´Ù.) Çаè, ³ëÁ¶, ±³¼öµéÀº ¹Ú ±ÙÇýÀÇ µÚƲ¸° ¿ª»ç°üÀ» ºñ³­Çß´Ù.


Mr. Abe and Ms. Park both have personal family histories that make them sensitive to the war and collaboration. After Japan¡¯s defeat in the war, the Allied powers arrested Mr. Abe¡¯s grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, as a suspected class A war criminal. Ms. Park¡¯s father, Park Chung-hee, was an Imperial Japanese Army officer during the colonial era and South Korea¡¯s military dictator from 1962 to 1979. In both countries, these dangerous efforts to revise textbooks threaten to thwart the lessons of history.


¾Æº£¿Í ¹Ú ±ÙÇý´Â ÀüÀï°ú Ä£ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ °¡Á¤»ç¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϺ»ÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ÆйèÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ µ¿¸Í±¹µéÀº ¾Æº£ÀÇ ÇҾƹöÁöÀÎ ±â½Ã ³ëºÎ½ºÄÉ(äÍãáË¿)¸¦ A±Þ Àü¹üÀ¸·Î üÆ÷Çß´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇýÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÎ ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ´Â ½Ä¹ÎÁö ±â°£ Áß ÀϺ»±ºÀÇ Àå±³¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌÈÄ 1962³âºÎÅÍ 1979³â±îÁö Çѱ¹ÀÇ µ¶ÀçÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±³°ú¼­¸¦ °³Á¤ÇÏ·Á´Â µÎ ³ª¶óÀÇ À§ÇèÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀº ¿ª»çÀÇ ±³ÈÆ¿¡ ÈѹæÀ» ³õ´Â À§ÇùÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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